How composite leather is made, in general
Most man-made leather-look materials share a structure. A base layer, often a woven, knitted or microfibre textile, gives strength and stretch. One or more polymer layers are applied on top. The surface is coloured and embossed with a grain pattern, and a top finish controls sheen and feel. Makers vary the backing, the number and type of layers and the finish, which is why two materials sold under similar names can look and behave differently. "Composite" in this context means the material is built from more than one layer.
How it differs from real leather
Real leather is animal hide, tanned and finished. Types range from full-grain and top-grain to corrected-grain. It varies naturally, with marks and grain differences across one hide, develops a patina with use, and can be cleaned, conditioned and repaired by leather specialists. Artificial composite leather has no hide in it. Its colour and grain are uniform, so a long sofa and matching armchairs look consistent. It does not develop a leather patina, and it is cared for differently. Some buyers prefer real leather for its natural character; others prefer a man-made material for its uniform look or because it contains no animal product.
How it differs from PU and bonded leather
PU leather is a man-made material named for its polyurethane surface. Bonded leather is made from leather scraps and fibres bound together and backed, often with a polymer surface; it contains some leather but is not hide. Because trade names overlap, the useful questions are the same for any leather-look material: What is the backing? What is the surface layer? What is the total thickness? Is there a supplier code? What does the warranty say about the surface? A seller who can answer those in writing is telling you more than any label.
Care basics
Dust regularly with a soft dry cloth. For spills, blot immediately and wipe with a cloth dampened with water and a little mild soap, then wipe with plain water and dry. Avoid solvents, alcohol-based cleaners, bleach and abrasive pads. Do not use products made for real leather, such as conditioners and oils, unless the maker approves them, because they are designed for hide. Keep the sofa out of long hours of direct sunlight and away from heaters and AC vents blowing directly on it. Follow the maker's care sheet, which should come with the piece.
Questions to ask before you buy
Is the material real leather, bonded leather, PU or another man-made material, and will the seller write that on the specification? What is the backing and the surface? What is the material code and colour name, so you can check the delivered piece against the swatch? What care does the maker recommend, and what voids the warranty? What does the warranty cover for the upholstery surface, and for how long? SOISU's warranty is 2 years on the terms in the order. Sit on the actual material, not a photo, because sheen and feel vary between materials.